PHYSICAL AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF PUBLIC, PRIVATE AND FOREIGN BANKS IN INDIA

Banks are the fundamental components of the financial system and are also active players in the financial markets. Therefore an efficient banking system is needed in mobilizing the savings and channeling them to productive purposes for the development of any economy. This paper attempts to analyze and compare the physical and financial performance of three banking sectors: Public, Private and Foreign banks using physical and financial quantities of inputs and comparing the revenue maximization of banks during 2009-10 to 2018-19

Patients' perception of service quality in a healthcare not-for-profit organisation

Service organisations should be aware of those elements that are perceived as excellent quality and incorporate these as part of their service offering. However, a not-for-profit (NPO) healthcare organisation consists of a diverse group of stakeholders who have different perspectives and interests. Service quality therefore requires a multidimensional definition that comprehends all their needs and expectations.Methods: Perceived service quality experienced by patients was measured by completion of the Service Performance (SERVPERF) questionnaire. A total of 111 patients completed the questionnaire across three mobile clinics supported by an NPO.Results: The research results suggested that service quality at the mobile clinics was of a very high standard, with no meaningful differences between clinics, age groups or gender. However, the responses had very little variance and could have been subjected to response bias or extreme bias. The absence of a comparator organisation could also have had an influence on responses given by respondents. Conclusion: Healthcare service organisations should strive towards maintaining high standards and engage in continuous measurement and improvement of their service quality as part of their quality management process. By measuring the current level of service experienced by patients, insights have been identified where adjustments might have a positive effect on perceived value. Future research recommendations include suggestions to increase the sample population, taking the service setting into account and further studies to confirm the validity and reliability of solicited service quality questionnaires in a NPO setting.

The COVID-19 pandemic impact on gross income and utilization of radiologic services in a Philippine COVID-19 public tertiary referral hospital

Background@#The global economy has been severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic which proved to be more than a public health crisis. Volume and gross income have also declined in the health service sector including the diagnostic imaging and radiotherapy divisions of the radiology departments in other countries. @*Objective@#This study determined the change in volume and gross income of the Radiology Department of a tertiary hospital which was designated as a COVID-19 referral center in the Philippines.@*Methodology@#Monthly records of the profit centers of the Radiology Department were reviewed noting the volume and gross income one year before and during the first year of the pandemic. @*Results@#Records were successfully retrieved for the volume of procedures and revenue for each profit center from one year before the pandemic (from March 1, 2019 to February 28, 2020) and the first year of the pandemic (from March 1, 2020 to February 28, 2021). There was a total reduction of 120,046 procedures conducted and Php 84,837,614.16 in revenues generated between the two periods. This is equivalent to a 61.98% (range: 47.92% to 83.37%) decrease in the volume of procedures and a 45.02% (range: 31.08% to 77.86%) decrease in revenue. These changes were found to be statistically significant.@*Conclusion@#The COVID-19 pandemic caused a decline of all profit centers in the Radiology Department. The decline was associated with changes in quarantine restrictions. Data from this study may help the administration of the institution or other institutions to conduct their own studies and cope with future pandemics of similar magnitude or further surges of the current pandemic on decisions regarding budget and resource allocation.

Relationship among productive and economic variables of beef cattle in Brazil / Relações entre variáveis produtivas e econômicas de bovinocultura de corte no Brasil

ABSTRACT: The present study aimed to obtain, through statistical methods, the independent variables that influence the economic and productive results of Brazilian beef cattle. Economic and productive information was collected from 106 farms in Brazil. Data collection was performed by the Instituto de Métricas Agropecuárias (Inttegra). The variable selection method used was stepwise regression followed by polynomial regression analyses. The variable beef cattle economic result showed the positive effect of disbursement per head per month and average weight gain. An average daily gain of 520 g in live weight was obtained, and this variable was influenced especially by nutrition cost. The arroba production (arroba is a unit of weight corresponding to 15kg) was influenced by the linear effect of nutrition cost and stocking rate. The variable arroba production in pasture showed a linear and positive effect of average weight gain in pasture and stocking rate in pasture. For profit per arroba, the variables nutrition cost, disbursement with pasture, and average sale price had a linear effect. The independent variables that had the greatest influence on the response variables were stocking rate, average daily weight gain, and nutrition cost. Thus, increases in investment in nutrition and stocking rate should result in higher production rates and improvements in the profitability of this activity.

RESUMO: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo obter, por meio de métodos estatísticos, quais variáveis independentes influenciam as variáveis econômicas e produtivas na bovinocultura de corte brasileira. O banco de dados utilizado foi obtido por coleta de informações econômicas e produtivas em 106 fazendas no Brasil. O método de coleta de dados foi definido pelo Instituto de Métricas Agropecuárias (Inttegra). Foram realizadas análises de seleção de variáveis pelo método Stepwise, seguido por análises de regressão múltipla. A variável resultado econômico da bovinocultura de corte teve efeito positivo do desembolso mensal por cabeça e do ganho de peso médio diário. Para o ganho de peso médio diário foi obtido um valor médio de 520 gramas, e esta variável foi influenciada principalmente pelo custeio com nutrição. Para a produção de arroba foi obtido efeito linear do custeio com nutrição e da taxa de lotação. Para a variável produção de arroba a pasto foi obtido um efeito linear e positivo do ganho médio diário de peso no pasto e da taxa de lotação no pasto. Para o lucro por arroba, as variáveis custeio com nutrição, desembolso com pastagem e preço médio de venda tiveram efeito linear. As variáveis independentes que tiveram maior influência nas variáveis resposta foram a taxa de lotação, o ganho médio diário de peso e o custeio com nutrição. Assim, aumentos no investimento em nutrição e na taxa de lotação dos animais devem resultar em maiores índices de produção e em melhorias na rentabilidade da atividade.

The value of scientific research reward mechanism in the transformation of medical patent / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective To explore the appropriate scientific research award mechanism to promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements.Methods Literature review was adopted to conduct comprehensive analysis of the incentive mechanisms of foreign patent transformation as well as related policies in China.Results Aimed to providing sufficient opportunities and motivation for the patent transformation platform,increasing the proportion of incentives for R&D personnel and setting up performance rewards for scientific research administration,a policy named Provisions on the proportion of rewards for R&D personnel after the transformation of intellectual property rights in Zhongshan Hospital was developed,which effectively facilitated the medical patents to market transformation.Conclusions It is alerted that improve the enthusiasm of relevant personnel for patent transformation plays important role in increasing the transformation of medical patents.

Discussion on project performance evaluation of non-profit central research institute fund in medical institutes / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective To explore the current situation,problems and countermeasures of project performance evaluation of Non profit Central Research Institute Fund.Methods Identifying issues and proposing suggestions by process analysis of projects performance evaluation in one medical research institute (Institute Y for short).Results Preliminarily,Medical research institutes have already built the performance evaluation system of research project.However,applications of evaluation are limited,lacking of connections with project management milestones.Conclusions The problems and countermeasures obtained from Institute Y could provide reference for the performance evaluation of medical research projects in China.

La responsabilidad social corporativa y su rol en las empresas ecuatorianas / The corporate social responsibility and its role in ecuadorian enterprises / La responsabilidad social corporativa e su rol em las empresas ecuatorianas

Resumen Introducción: La presente investigación tiene como objetivo definir la aplicación de la responsabilidad social corporativa en el Ecuador, dado que representa una decisión voluntaria de las empresas para mejorar las condiciones de los grupos de interés con el fin de obtener también beneficios económicos a futuro. En Ecuador la RSC todavía es poco aplicado y generalmente se aplica de manera filantrópica o cuidado al medio ambiente, por lo que aún el término no se encuentra arraigado a los valores y objetivos corporativos. La metodología: usada tiene un enfoque mixto cuali-cuantitativo a través una investigación de tipo exploratoria, descriptiva y documental con un método inductivo-deductivo. Como Resultados: se determinó que en materia de RSC el Ecuador aún se encuentra analizando y probando los beneficios que ofrece la RSC. Sin embargo, se concluye que cada vez más las empresas empiezan a valorar los propósitos de la responsabilidad social y demuestran interés en implementarlo en las organizaciones.

Abstract Introduction: The objective of this research is to Objective. define the application of corporate social responsibility in Ecuador, since it represents a voluntary decision by companies to improve the conditions of interest groups in order to obtain future economic benefits. In Ecuador, CSR is still poorly applied and is generally applied in a philanthropic manner or with care for the environment, so that the term is not yet rooted in corporate values and objectives. Materials and methods: The methodology used has a mixed qualitative-quantitative approach through exploratory, descriptive and documentary research with an inductive-deductive method. Results: As a result, it was determined that in terms of CSR, Ecuador is still analyzing and testing the benefits offered by CSR. Conclusion: However, it is concluded that more and more companies begin to value the purposes of social responsibility and show interest in implementing it in organizations.

Resumo Introdução: O objetivo desta pesquisa é Objetivo. definir a aplicação da responsabilidade social corporativa no Equador, uma vez que representa uma decisão voluntária das empresas de melhorar as condições dos grupos de interesse para obter benefícios econômicos futuros. No Equador, a RSC ainda é pouco aplicada e geralmente aplicada de maneira filantrópica ou com cuidado com o meio ambiente, de modo que o termo ainda não está enraizado nos valores e objetivos corporativos. Materiais e métodos: A metodologia utilizada possui abordagem qualitativa-quantitativa mista por meio de pesquisa exploratória, descritiva e documental, com método indutivo-dedutivo. Resultados: Como resultado, foi determinado que, em termos de RSE, o Equador ainda está analisando e testando os benefícios oferecidos pela RSC. Conclusão: No entanto, conclui-se que mais e mais empresas começam a valorizar os objetivos de responsabilidade social e demonstram interesse em implementá-lo nas organizações.

Barcode Based Full Process Management of High-Cost Consumables for Operating Theatres / 中国医疗器械杂志

Driven by the development of medical technology and the increasing workload of hospitals, high-cost medical consumables are playing an ever more important role. Operating theatres, as the biggest consumer of high-cost consumables, cannot afford to manage the consumables in a detailed manner under the traditional approaches of management. This article elaborates on the complete management of the high-cost consumables with the help of bar code technology. Information management of high-cost consumables has brought about higher work efficiency, streamlined management process, greater medical safety and higher economic viability of hospitals.

The Financing Difficulties and Coping Strategies for the Public Hospitals from the Perspective of Public Welfare / 中国卫生经济

The continued release of demand for medical services had stimulated the development of public hospitals.In the context of insufficient government financial subsidies and inadequate hospital funds,some public hospitals tended to seek market-oriented financing support,but the contradiction between the nonprofit nature of public hospitals and the profitability nature of capital made the process of public hospital financing into a dilemma.Through the analysis of the connotation of public welfare in public hospitals and cases of PPP projects,it found that nonprofit of public hospitals did not completely exclude the profitability of capital,the market competition mechanism that capital profit behavior relied on was a prerequisite for the realization of the public welfare nature of public hospitals.Taking the advantage of market-oriented financing methods on the basis of insisting on the public welfare of public hospitals,the following measures must be taken:firstly,adhere to the government's dominant position in the direction of public hospitals;secondly,while introducing capital,it needed to focus on the reform and innovation of operational mechanisms;thirdly,convert the dividends that belong to the government into continued investment in public hospitals to support the realization of public welfare;fourth,com bined with the local government financial resources based on differentiated financing model.

Cost-benefit analysis of medical equipment / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To execute medical equipment cost-benefit analysis to meet the requirements for operation state analysis and evaluation during precision management.Methods The data were collected on CT, MR, DR, DSA, ultrasonic diagnostic equipment, clinical laboratory devices, endoscope set and etc. The evaluation indexes such as annual benefit, cost-profit ratio,rate of return on investment and investment payback period were calculated with a year as the calculating unit.Results When cost-profit ratio was used to evaluate the benefit,clinical laboratory devices and cardiac interventional DSA behaved the most excellent in all the equipment, CT, PET-CT, DR and ultrasonic diagnostic set gained acceptable results, while the radiology interventional DSA, gastrointestinal endoscope set and MR had the results not so satisfactory. Clinical laboratory and DSA devices had high operation costs, and it's suggested that cost control had to be implemented during operation. Conclusion The cost-benefit analysis of medical equipment can provide scientific basis for medical equipment purchasing and operation analysis.

Research on the Medicine Price Reform of Urban Public Hospitals of Shaanxi / 中国卫生经济

Objective:To provide references for drugs zero-profit policy and the adjustment of the medical services price in urban public hospitals of Shaanxi.Methods:The method of weighted mean was used to calculate the rate of price adjustment before and after the medical service project.The price on drugs and medical services were processed by software batch change and manual changes separately.Chinese medical slices were in dependent managed.Results:The medical service price reform and drugs zero-profit poli-.cy come into effect in the city public hospitals,Shaanxi province,form 0:00 April 1st,2017.Before and after the reform of health,the medical work was steadily implemented.Conclusion:The successful implementation of drug zero-profit policy and medical service price reform provided references for other hospitals for medical service reform,which could present scientific references for other hospitals to improve the operation ability.

Empirical Study on the Zero-profit Drug Policy and Compensation Mechanism in Urban Public Hospitals / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for developing zero-profit drug policy and compensation mechanism better in ur-ban public hospitals. METHODS:Taking a public hospital in a city as an example,effects of zero-profit drug policy on hospitals, patients,health insurance fund and single diseases with different drug proportions [cataract (2.94%) vs. chronic renal failure (38.77%)] were investigated by analyzing the canceled drug addition costs and adjusted medical service price data after developing zero-profit drug policy. RESULTS:After developing zero-profit drug policy,the overall compensation rate in the public hospital was 95.20%. The overall burden of urban patients was reduced,average burden cost was decreased 197.73 yuan every time;while the overall burden of urban and rural residents had increased,average burden cost was increased 17.39 yuan every time;and the overall burden of all patients had decreased. Health insurance fund had decreased,in which,the urban workers were decreased 151185500 yuan,and urban and rural residents were increased 4550400 yuan. In medical insurance for urban workers and health insurance for urban and rural residents,hospital increased by 7.00% and 8.99% in income in the treatment of cataract,the medical insurance fund increased by 12.07% and 13.67%,and patients'burden increased by 0.58% and 3.43%,respectively. For chronic renal failure,hospital income increased by 3.23% and 3.93%,medical insurance fund decreased by 3.19% and 3.96%,and pa-tients'burden decreased by 4.27% and 3.63%,respectively. CONCLUSIONS:Zero-profit drug policy is the ideal measure for get-ting rid of"drug-maintaining-medicine". When developing the policy,it should be combined with actual situation and different dis-eases to explore adjustment of medical service prices,reasonable financial compensation models and medical insurance payment mechanism.

Empirical Analysis on the Operation Situation of Public Hospitals from 2013 to 2016 / 中国卫生经济

Taking the zero-profit sales of drugs in LS City of Zhejiang as the samples to analyze the financial yearly report of the sample city from 2013 to 2016.According to the total avenue and the avenue of health care techniques in township public hospitals,it needed to cancel the drug addition in township public hospitals,improve the prices of labor service and health care techniques,increase the government input and reimbursement on township public hospitals and deepen the reform of personnel.

"Implementation Effect of ""Zero Profit Drug Sales"" in a Class Ⅲ Grade Ⅰ Cancer Hospital" / 中国医院管理

Objective To study the influence of drug zero rate policy in Class Ⅲ[Grade Ⅰ cancer hospital,and to research hospital income and patients' economic burden.Methods Collecting financial data from 2012 to 2015 and analyze the variances before and after the zero rate policy.Results After the implementation of drug zero rate policy,business volume kept ncreasing,the fiscal subsidy income rose,income proportion of western medicine and Chinese patent drug dropped,outpatient service drug cost per time increased,while hospitalization drug cost per time decreased.Conclusion The reasonability of drug use can be achieved through improving drug price mechanism and deepening the medical insurance payment system.

Major policy issues and countermeasures of non-public hospitals in China / 中国卫生政策研究

Encouraging and providing guidance to social forces to invest in health care industry is one of the key elements determined to deepen the health care reform.From four aspects of the unclear conception and undefinable functions of non-public hospitals, ambiguity of property rights of non-profit non-public hospitals, gradual reduction of traditional management measures, and deficiency of effective supervision on daily operations, this paper summarizes the major policy issues in non-public hospitals.To solve these problems, this paper conducts a systemic analysis of the historical experiences of the United States, Germany, Japan, and Taiwan.On this basis, this paper suggests that the government should clearly determine the connotation and extension of non-public hospitals, improve non-profit non-public hospital policy system, play a guiding role in planning and health insurance guidance, and strengthen the supervision of business operations.

Empirical Analysis on Price Policy Compensation Status in 4 Years after the Drug Zero Profit Policy / 中国卫生经济

Objective:Retrospective analysis was conducted on the status of drug profit decreasing and pricing compensation profits increasing after the implementation of drug zero profit policy.The ratio of pricing policy compensation in place and the reform effects were evaluated to provide references for poliey making on implementing drug zero profit policy.Methods:The total usage of western medicine and Chinese patent medicine,the item of medical charging costs and item times before and after the implementation of drug zero profit,the decreasing of drug profits by outpatient and inpatient and the increasing of medical items were selected from hospital information system from 2013 to 2016.Results:From 2013 to 2016,the price of compensation policy in place rates were 94.59％,89.51％,95.18％,95.64％;4 year total compensation policy in place rate was 93.67％;outpatient compensation mainly by inspecting fee (75.22％),the cost of treatment (11.18％),surgery (5.91％);hospital compensation mainly surgical fees,nursing fees (36.40％)(19.09％),(19.08％) medical expenses and treatment expenses (13.53％);a good compensation effect of price policy.Conclusion:The compensation of price policy was in accordance with the expectation of reform,and the sharing of information with the competent department of price could help to establish a scientific and reasonable price compensation policy.It needed to further promote the reform of drug and comsumable usage control.

Empirical Analysis on Price Policy Compensation Status in 4 Years after the Drug Zero Profit Policy / 中国卫生经济

Objective:Retrospective analysis was conducted on the status of drug profit decreasing and pricing compensation profits increasing after the implementation of drug zero profit policy.The ratio of pricing policy compensation in place and the reform effects were evaluated to provide references for poliey making on implementing drug zero profit policy.Methods:The total usage of western medicine and Chinese patent medicine,the item of medical charging costs and item times before and after the implementation of drug zero profit,the decreasing of drug profits by outpatient and inpatient and the increasing of medical items were selected from hospital information system from 2013 to 2016.Results:From 2013 to 2016,the price of compensation policy in place rates were 94.59％,89.51％,95.18％,95.64％;4 year total compensation policy in place rate was 93.67％;outpatient compensation mainly by inspecting fee (75.22％),the cost of treatment (11.18％),surgery (5.91％);hospital compensation mainly surgical fees,nursing fees (36.40％)(19.09％),(19.08％) medical expenses and treatment expenses (13.53％);a good compensation effect of price policy.Conclusion:The compensation of price policy was in accordance with the expectation of reform,and the sharing of information with the competent department of price could help to establish a scientific and reasonable price compensation policy.It needed to further promote the reform of drug and comsumable usage control.

Calidad metodológica de las evaluaciones económicas completas, publicadas en revistas médicas cubanas (1999-2014) / Methodological quality of complete economic evaluations published in Cuban medical journals from 1999 to 2014

Objetivo: determinar la calidad metodológica de las evaluaciones económicas completas publicadas en revistas médicas cubanas. Métodos: estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal en 21 artículos, declarados por su autores como evaluaciones económicas completas, publicados entre 1999 y 2014 en 47 revistas médicas cubanas reconocidas por el Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología y Medio Ambiente. A todos se les aplicó una guía de evaluación que incluyó: año de publicación, revista, objetivo, problema, opciones, horizonte temporal, perspectiva, costo, efectos sobre la salud y cálculo de las razones costo/efectividad. Resultados: los artículos se concentraron en ocho revistas. La mayor cantidad está en la Revista Cubana de Farmacia. Le siguieron en importancia la Revista Cubana de Salud Pública y MEDISAN. Ninguno de los aspectos estaba correctamente tratado en más de 80 por ciento de los trabajos revisados. Los resultados más desfavorables estaban en la declaración de la perspectiva, presente en menos de 20 por ciento de los trabajos y el análisis de sensibilidad en menos de 30 por ciento. Menos de la mitad de los trabajos abordaron adecuadamente la presentación del problema de investigación, los objetivos, el horizonte temporal, los costos y la razón costo efectividad incremental. No se encontró ningún artículo en los últimos tres años. Conclusiones: son escasas las evaluaciones económicas publicadas. La mayoría tiene limitaciones metodológicas. Se observa insuficiente desarrollo de esta temática en el país y apunta hacia la importancia de continuar insistiendo en la divulgación de los aspectos metodológicos básicos de estas evaluaciones tanto para investigadores como para revisores y editores de revistas científicas(AU)

Objective: to determine the methodical quality of complete economic evaluations published in Cuban medical journals from 1999 to 2014. Methods: observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study of articles classified by their authors as complete economic evaluations and published from 1999 to 2014 in 47 Cuban medical journals authorized by the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment. The applied evaluation guide included year of publication, journal, objective, problem, options, time frame, prospects, cost, health effects and estimation of the cost/effectiveness ratio. Results: twenty one papers were found, but in the last three years no paper has been published. These papers were mainly published in eight journals, being the first Revista Cubana de Farmacia, followed by Revista Cubana de Salud Publica and MEDISAN. None of the aspects was correctly addressed in over 80 percent of revised papers. The worst results were found in statement of perspective present in less than 20 percent of papers in addition to sensitivity analysis in less than 30 percent of them. Almost 50 of papers adequately dealt with the submission of research problems, objectives, time frame, costs and the incremental cost/effectiveness ratio. Conclusions: published economic evaluations are still scanty and most of them exhibit methodological faults. There is insufficient development in this area nationwide, which points to the importance of insisting once again on the dissemination of the basic methodological aspects of these evaluations aimed at researchers who act as reviewers and as editors of scientific journals(AU)

China's social non-profit medical institutions:Motivations, challenges and countermeasures / 中国卫生政策研究

Social forces participating in non-profit medical institutions will help to insist on the commonweal of public medical and health care and realize the goal of access to basic medical and health services for everyone .At present , social forces participating in non-profit medical institutions have made some prominent improvements under a series of policy support .However , due to the absolute dominance of public hospitals , social forces participating in non-profit medical institutions are still potting a lot of restrictions on access threshold of basic medical services , devel-opment space and policy implementation .In order to promote the healthy development of social forces participating in non-profit medical institutions , we should first recognize its significance and guarantee its development potential , tal-ents construction and development space through implementing preferential policies , improving supervision mecha-nisms, exploring multi-sited license, optimizing allocation of resources and so on .

Organizações Sociais e Fundações Estatais de Direito Privado no Sistema Único de Saúde: relação entre o público e o privado e mecanismos de controle social / Social Organizations and State Foundations of Private Law at the Unified Health System: relation between the public and the private and social control mechanisms

Objetivou-se caracterizar, no âmbito nacional, os modelos de governança das Organizações Socais e das Fundações Estatais de Direito Privado, pressupondo-se que as regras interferem no funcionamento das instituições e na atuação dos atores, com base no referencial analítico do neoinstitucionalismo histórico. Foram caracterizadas especificamente à relação entre o público e o privado e aos mecanismos de controle social, a partir dos marcos legais existentes. A análise evidencia diferenças importantes entre os modelos, especialmente quanto ao alinhamento aos princípios do Sistema Único de Saúde. De diferentes formas, os dois modelos são permeáveis ao setor privado e pouco abertos à participação social.

This article aimed to characterize, at national level, the governance models of Social Organizations and State Foundations of Private Law, assuming that the rules interfere with the functioning of institutions and the performance of the actors, based on the analytical framework of historical neo-institutionalism, specifically regarding the relation between the public and the private and the mechanisms of social control, from the existing legal frameworks. The analysis shows important differences between models, especially regarding the alignment to the principles of the Unified Health System. However, in different ways, both models are penetrable to the private sector and less open to social participation.